computer artists use digital technology that they have the appearance of Jesus Christ of successful recovery. The process of rehabilitation appearance, they used to obtain from the Turin shroud, on information and blood, but these data will be converted into a 3D image. Turin shroud is a piece of bloodstained linen cloth, many people believe that this piece of linen has been used for package was crucified body of Jesus. www.6park.com
History Channel in the UK for a two-hour special program file, the computer will announce the complete artist Jesus looks recovery plan. The show will be broadcast in the United States at 30. Jesus looks recovery plan may allow some viewers by surprise. According to the company said production of recovery plans, recovery plans in Jesus and Jesus is often seen as different.www.6park.com
Studio Macbeth's president and chief computer artist Leitang Ning said: "In computers, we will be blood 'higher' and isolation, blood was hung in a transparent background of the 'empty' of." He explained, Turin Guoshi cloth used to wrap the body rather than simply cover the body at the top, wound infiltration of blood flow to the shroud on. Therefore, the shroud is not close to the face. www.6park.com
There are bodies of ancient shroud front and rear of the fuzzy mark, in addition to blood, soil and water marks. Jesus looks recovery period of one year, a group of graphic designers using the latest technology with computer-generated image. Downing said: "I get a lot of information about appearance. According to my estimation, our recovery plan and the real face of Jesus is very close." www.6park.com
The computer artist that his computer graphics technology found in which materials actually form a shroud on the head, and then help the first time he saw the real face of Jesus. For the picture to appear in the shroud, he was able to give a reasonable explanation. He said: "This is the program's end, I will tell the audience what happened 2,000 years ago in the end."
Pope Benedict XVI to continue in the Middle East peace pilgrimage, 10, will be celebrating mass in Jordan, he called for Christians and Muslims and Jews reconciliation. www.6park.com
According to "Sing Tao Daily" and other media, Pope 9 in Jordan started the second day of visit, follow the footsteps of the prophet Moses, to go to Nebo pilgrims, the Vatican stressed the inseparable relationship with Judaism. According to the Bible, Moses went to Nebo in death, facing God promised Israel the Promised Land. www.6park.com
Pope was the largest mosque in the capital Amman to visit, that many religious disputes subject to political manipulation behind, stressed the need to live in harmony with Islam. Led the pope to visit the Prince Ghazi of Jordan thanked the Pope, published in 2006, injury on the expression of Islam, expressing regret. www.6park.com
Pope was quoted by the fifteenth century Byzantine emperor that the teachings of the Islamic prophet Mohammed evil and inhuman, he later clarified his remarks do not represent the position, but many Muslims still asked the pope to apologize. www.6park.com
Orthodox Church after the pope to participate in Mass, and praised the Orthodox Church will be inclusive of religious reconciliation and contribution. Pope will then be transferred to the land of Israel and the Palestinian people continue to visit, seeking to improve relations between Christians and Muslims, will visit the Palestinian refugee camps.
Varna and caste system 950) this.width=950" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rajpoots.png/350px-Rajpoots.png" onclick="document.location='http://www.top888.com'"> www.6park.com
19th-century Englishman who painted the Rajput: Rajput is the real ruler of Bengal region, but they are not Kshatriya, but mostly Muslims. Although Varna to provide a solid explanation of the framework, however, the caste system in practice is often far from their structure. To 1901 census, for example, Madras Province (English: Madras Presidency) does not belong to any caste Kshatriya, Vaishya Zhe Yi is very rare. Most of the Shudra caste concentrated in the category, together accounted for more than half of the local population, in other words, the local community mainly by the Brahmins, Sudras and untouchables composition; in Bengal (English: Bengal Presidency), soldiers and rulers for the Rajputs (English: Rajput) as which, however, is not a real Kshatriya caste . In fact, in India's history, may not be chosen by Kshatriya rulers around as, and often seen as a true Kshatriya no longer exist in the world, although the Varna in the class play a very important role. www.6park.com
On the other hand, Varna class, although the regulation of various things, but in real life is not necessarily based on the implementation of these norms, such as the Brahman should be enjoyed many privileges, and with a common rule of all Kshatriya, but in history, most fall into the political power other than the hands of Brahmin caste, Brahmin only a symbolic cleansing of their admired by the general public. At the same time, apart from Brahmins and untouchables, these two extremes, the other between the Varna caste society, in reality there is no clear-cut class relations, most of the cases is the caste have the power to each other in a vague division of labor and relations, but also often associated with Varna and class contradictions. So, Varna response to the class how much authenticity, its caste system and the reality of the relationship between what has become the focus of many related researchers to explore. www.6park.com
Some early scholars, such as anthropologists 亚瑟莫里斯 Hou Carter (in English: Arthur Maurice Hocart), that the theory can only explain the Varna caste system in ancient India, the situation does not apply to modern times. Indian scientist Edward Washburn Hopkins of this (in English: Edward Washburn Hopkins) and the sociologist Oliver Cromwell Cox (English: Oliver Cox) is according to the myth of ancient India, and advocated The ancient Brahmins and the Kshatriya compete with each other between the kinds of tensions between the highest positions of power, so the class reflects the Brahman Varna would like to attempt to seize political power. www.6park.com
Dumont, however, represented more recent scholars put forward a different interpretation. They believe that the original Brahmin and Kshatriya is the relationship between the kinds of division of labor, but also with the Brahmin and Kshatriya are no substitute for the sacred nature of the order both [14], but their division of labor relations is self-contradictory: while in the religious status, the Brahmins consider themselves to be higher than the Kshatriya, but the real political power but by the Kshatriya control, in which case result in a breach part of the "clean" standards (such as meat or the multi-wife marriages) and Kshatriya In the Brahmin caste status in vegetarians than businessmen or priest, this result Quefei be acceptable to the royal family in power, so the class claimed that two Varna Varna share "rule, the power of all living beings," but Brahman has this right " awarded the "Kshatriya, do not ask the actual conduct of public affairs, Kshatriya is" not "meddle Brahmin religious authority, and to take" protection "and" support "the Brahmin's duty to enable them to feel at ease to carry out duties priest. Under such a discussion, Varna skillfully theory and real life to resolve the contradiction between, to establish a "secular," but they are dependent relationship. www.6park.com
Moreover, this functionality makes the division even if the original Kshatriya gone, the new ruler was able to power the future according to this exposition of the role of imitation of the original belongs to Kshatriya, to interact with the Brahmin. In other words, Varna is a structure of power relations, so that does not contravene the Brahmin and the rulers under the principle of clean and unclean, in these circumstances be able to cooperate with each other at the same time maintaining Brahmin supremacy. In addition, in British India period, due to the caste system was included in the household registration of the project, part of the caste would be by the time the census may, by claims that its Varna lift their caste status. Therefore, Varna class actually provides a blueprint for a variety of names to imagine the "ideal society" should work. www.6park.com
The mode of operation if the core concept of the caste system is clean and unclean, caste is showing the actual operation of the "collective nature" and "rank order" feature. These characteristics mean that is not a rigid caste system, but of great tolerance and flexibility of the social system. www.6park.com
Contact with food taboos of political power because of the caste system and the region closely and have a clear region-wide [15], so the size of political power, Ke Yi area is divided into three levels: local or regional administrative center of a small kingdom, through villages as well as in other settlements within the caste. The three-level high and low power operation, though divided, but also varies greatly, but their common feature is the power of the purposes of those who are in sequence in order to imitate the Kshatriya Varna, and will be declared the legitimacy and effectiveness of its powers, even if it had not necessarily so. The caste system in Nepal and India, different: the Brahmin and Kshatriya far longer than the Sudras, is India's Brahmin intentional results. www.6park.com
Kingdom and the local government settlement 950) this.width=950" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Setup_of_India.png/400px-Setup_of_India.png" onclick="document.location='http://www.top888.com'"> in modern India, often imagine that rural areas there is a "village community" tradition of democratic self-government exists, and that it is through the "village Panca Astra" (Gram panchayat) forms to display. Caste domination www.6park.com
Settlement caste British colonial officials in India Yasehengli Brent Edward (Sir Edward Arthur Henry Blunt), who himself was under the 1911 United Provinces (English: United Provinces of Agra and Oudh) under the auspices of caste survey, pointed out that all autonomous status within the caste can be divided into three types: www.6park.com
No Panca Astra caste: belongs to family of high-caste are usually recycled directly from the general public comments (which may be more than rumors of complaints may be) make a decision. Non-permanent Panca Astra caste: these castes will enable the parties (usually those who violate taboos) has been a serious hostility and exclusion of others are entitled to request to convene ad hoc Panca Astra practice, however, very few made such a request, in fact held Pan Qiaya special case of a natural very rare. There is a permanent caste Astra Panca: Unlike the other two, there is a permanent caste Astra Panca Panca Astra with a normal organization, it has the ability to convene such a meeting on a regular basis. In general, this type of caste mostly belong to specific caste or low caste occupations [16]. At this point, caste Panca Panca Astra Astra belongs to a kind of means for each settlement (or adjacent areas) to convene a single caste caste autonomy of the General Assembly, designed to deal with internal disputes within the caste (usually a moral and justice issues) and external joint action. In general, only in "a permanent caste Panca Astra" will have a normal form of Panca Astra preparatory body, as well as to prepare for the convening of meetings, records and notify the parties and other affairs of the deacons. www.6park.com
Panca Astra (पंचायती) originally "five" in Italian, meaning that a small number of experts and local leaders convened a small meeting. The glossary can be a variety of local community, the Pan-autonomous organizations, such regular mass meeting of its small committee within the organization led all of which consists mainly of the Assembly's process and come forward to resolve the dispute. Even so, few people caste Panca Astra Quefei system monopoly, but an authority constituted by a multi-organization, whose purpose is to safeguard the existence of caste within the habit and harmony, to promote members of our defensive responsibilities of the internal and external protection of all interests, it has become virtually self-governing institutions like caste. www.6park.com
In general, caste Panca Astra will come forward to investigate a variety of controversial cases, such cases are mostly related to religious and moral dimension, such as a total meal, marital problems (divorce, adultery or betrayal, etc.), trading and get rid of cattle and so on. In other words, a ruling caste Panca Astra largely independent of the official court disputes. Their trial or a coordinated manner, due to caste-specific, and some require a person to swear and acceptance of pre-trial test, all or some internal committee to adopt the General Assembly to vote, etc.. As for punishment, the caste Panca Astra to stop the party entitled to specific rights as a means, which includes a total of meals with others, stop, stop to enjoy some kind of service. The most severe punishment is prohibited between the parties with the other members of the caste, which is divided into temporary and permanent ban of the prohibition, the verdict. Such punishment is usually implemented in the "dirty" contacts of a person or thing, and this specification often involves a local caste status in society. Even if the caste Panca will punish some members of the Astra, but most of the situation, it seeks to mediate internal disputes, not to punish its members. www.6park.com
Foreign affairs, caste Panca Astra-led boycott of a particular caste or resistance, in order to sustain its own business interests. Sometimes this kind of transaction will be involved in dealings with other castes, such as certain bankers and pastry chef there is a dispute, resulting in pastry industry, to find the caste system, caste tile industry, the establishment of the agreement, to which the bankers refused to provide their repair room, tiles needed. www.6park.com
In order to establish its own authority, caste Panca Astra in the convening of the General Assembly, often quoted, "Panca Astra voice that is the voice of Brahma" or "the king is also caste caste" and other statements such as these in order to emphasize the organization itself the highest authority within the caste ( like the inside of the Kshatriya caste). In practice, however, caste Panca Astra often a lack of efficiency in the implementation and the high-caste support, these two points is its lack of response to the limitations of formal authority. www.6park.com
Division of the caste system is a kind of religious-mediated division of labor system, which is hereditary, and employer-employee relationship is hereditary. This system interesting is: the same kind of work, if only their own home doing the occasional, then the professional then it is not polluting; the same kind of work in different areas, attitudes are different. For example, hairdressers, in southern India, as be responsible for the funeral of things, it is extremely dirty; but in northern India, because things do not responsible for the funeral of higher status. www.6park.com
Marriage In addition to Brahmin caste can not be divorced and widows can not re-married, the general caste women are also accommodating to remarry, but her first marriage (first marriage) is the most earnest after the remarriage, but not too light can also be colorful history that if the husband passed away widows were expected to vote in the implementation of sati ritual fire Satie himself. While the high-caste woman may not marry a low caste, but on the other low-caste women were strongly encouraged to marry high-caste men to improve the caste status. www.6park.com
History, the history of white Aryan invaders of India and north-west of the pass, one after another influx of Indian River middle reaches of the Punjab area, conquered the indigenous Dravidians. After centuries of military expansion, Aryans conquered the entire northern India gradually. In Nepal, Brahmins did an unusual thing: give the locals a higher caste, most of the princely states King (maharaja) has become a Kshatriya. Local people are not the main national Cass fixed belief, so often given the entire village Brahmin high caste people. www.6park.com
The caste system of contemporary Indian Constitution Article 15 provides that: "No person shall because of caste, religion, place of birth not be discriminated against"; Article 17 expressly provides for the repeal the "no-touch system." In order to ensure that low-caste Dalits and the power of education and employment, India has also implemented a well-known "reservation policy", not only in parliament reserved for them at a certain percentage of seats, but in all government institutions and state-owned enterprises for them to retain their Up to 27% of the quota. In addition, the students returned to a low caste birth places in a certain proportion of their studies. Today, the identity of Indians no longer have any record of where the records on the caste. www.6park.com
Despite the independence from India, abolished the caste system, the Indian Constitution (in English: Constitution of India) expressly provides against class discrimination, but the caste system of today's Indian society, especially in rural India still retains a huge impact. The highest-ranking Brahmin caste less than 4% of the population, but occupy Qicheng judicial power, and nearly half of parliament seats. Even in natural disasters, the Dalits have suffered discrimination, lack the most basic assistance, as in August 2008, the Indian state of Bihar floods Alaria, however, as the untouchables because of the concentration of Alaria, the victims without any assistance of local governments, so that a large number of the victims died in flooding in these [17]. www.6park.com
Criticism, whether in India or outside, there are many criticisms of the caste system [18]. Some of these criticisms came from Hindus, and some are not. www.6park.com
In the history of criticism of the Buddha and the笩Geta friction there, two by the respected founder of Buddhism and Jainism, and perhaps opposed to any form of caste structure. Many devout sages sent during the campaign, such as Guru Nanak, Kabir (English: Kabir), mining Tan Ye (in English: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu), match the ancient Lunai Annie Shiva (English: Dnyaneshwar), Ake that Sri Lanka (English : Eknath), Rama Slave Buddhist monk (English: Ramanuja) and Dukalamu (English: Tukaram) refuse to accept all caste-based discrimination and to accept denominations from all castes. Many Hindu reformers such as Swami Vivekananda and the real Che Sai Baba (in English: Sathya Sai Baba) believe that the Hindu caste system, no shelter land. The 15th century sage Rama Nanda (English: Ramananda) also accepted all castes to become his followers, including the untouchables. The majority agreed that the Middle Ages, when the sage spirit of piety against caste faction campaign. Nanda that, a low-caste Hindu priests, but also refused to accept the spirit of caste and receive up to LTL [19]. A number of other low-caste Hindu also welcomed to be their followers, which was first sent a pious exercise. www.6park.com
Note ^ In addition to India, the caste system also kept in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka and other countries. ^ Encyclopedia Britanica, 1945 Ⅳ, SV, p976-86 ^ See note 5, similar to the views found in many studies of the Indian anthropologist book (to be added) ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 2009 Nian 2 Yue 25 Ri access. ^ This argument see "Homo Hierarchicus" Introduction and first chapter. ^ See the official history of the Tang Dynasty of previous usage. "Shi Ji Hun Biography": "one country, one of the government still has. Father and brother died, then his wife his wife, the loss of caste is also evil." "Biographies of the Later Han upright officials": "Luo Yue of China has no wedding etiquette, The result of kinky is good, no suitable pairs of horses, did not know the nature of father and son, husband and wife of the Road, ... ... is a rain cis-year-old festival, Gu Jia-Feng Yan. its birth who Shizhi caste. "" North Country history attached to pass ":" The caste Zi Xiang Ju led the country with the Tu Su and attached, speech less Shu. not uniform, its people with no surname. "^, after the introduction of Buddhism caste as" Varna "relieve persons, such as" Old Tang Xi Rong Chuan-Tianzhu Country ":" Only Fanzhi (ie, Brahman) that different caste Phi white stack. "as" race "or" clans "relieve persons, such as" Vimalakirti said, by ":" show the Buddha was born into the degrading caste, with various merit. "^ Even at this time, caste is still a different meaning, such as Zhang Taiyan's" caste "theory, the caste as" race "was intended. ^ There are numerous examples related to, such as Sina news, well-known official and popular Chinese website posted the relevant content will obviously be confused with the caste system and the Varna. ^ It is difficult to quantify the official statistics to be assessed, in this column only appeared on Chinese Internet case [1] [2] [3]. If you read carefully, you can find such reports may not be the actual reference to the harm caused by the caste system, but deliberately reported the use of title and subject matter, language, preconceptions to the "caste system" and the unfortunate combination of, or too much emphasis on a particular caste (usually is the untouchables) and the tragic experience, resulting in "the caste system is the source of all the misfortunes and disasters," the stereotype, on the other hand, some reports will also be clear that the caste system and the Varna confused. ^ For example This is a few widely circulated news review [4] [5]. ^ These two principles are based mainly on Louis Dumont's argument rewritten, this section also made reference to their claim collated (see "Homo Hierarchicus Ⅰ" ,112-133 pages). ^ This privilege derived from the regeneration group 6 Utilitarianism, namely, "Manu," recorded in the "teach people to learn and self-learning is often of sacrifice and self-sacrifice, giving and." It's for six Utilitarian Regeneration in the group three Varna co-owned, but only three of them Utilitarian Brahman can be implemented. ^ Dumont that the theory of kingship in ancient India, two tendencies: One is the traditional sacred kingship conferred by the saints, and the other one is by anti-Hindu who developed royalty agreement, the two discussed is actually co-exist with the mixing, Although the more the more more recent tendency to the latter. As for the Brahmins, originally was seen as the ground of God, and thus remain with the sacred. ^ A ^ in 1911 according to the records of the United Provinces 104 a permanent Panca Astra caste, there are 66 exclusively professional caste, 22 is a low caste. ^ Nothing of people of Indian wooden Shah India's Caste system discriminates ^ ^ shaivam.org
India's Harmony secret - the caste system in Wikipedia www.6park.com
Caste system (Hindi: हिन्दू वर्ण व्यवस्था; English: Indian caste system) or for India Custer system is India and other South Asian region [1] the prevailing social system. Brahmin caste system to the center, divided into a number of occupational endogamy based groups, namely the caste. A variety of names according to area of residence is divided into a number of times to different castes, these sub-caste villages of residence in accordance with the internal re-divided into a number of villages of different castes, the caste of these villages and then into the last line of a different line of clan exogamy, so layers of tightly linked, integrated into a set of scattered throughout the Indian subcontinent and social systems. Therefore, the caste system covering the vast majority of Indian society groups, and with the Indian social system, the universe, religion, and interpersonal relations are closely related, can be said of traditional India's most important social institutions and norms.www.6park.com
In general, the caste system is considered the 20th century or so ago, with the Aryan invasion of India and the creation of the social system. However, with the Mamluk, Meng Wu Er Deng Islamic conqueror of alien rule in India, the caste system in order to power to go through many adjustments, and in British India during the need to comply with the colonists, was fixed, rigid, class-guarded system of the order of sequence. Since the system of inequality and the rise of modern Western ideas of democracy and human rights differ, it is often criticized as anti-modern and outdated system, and even seen as hindering the progress of Indian society, a malignant tumor. India in 1947 after independence from the colonial system, the legal status of the caste system was officially abolished all caste classification and discrimination is considered illegal, but the actual functioning of society and life, which continue to play a very important role. www.6park.com
Contents 1 semantic 1.1 "caste" in Chinese Semantic two concepts 2.1 Clean and unclean 2.1.1 timeliness 2.1.2 complementarity 2.1.3 clean, dirty and the caste system 2.2 Varna Varna 2.2.1-order sequence 2.2 .2 Varna and caste system, 3 the mode of operation 3.1 taboos and food contact 3.2 of political power 3.2.1 kingdom and the local government 3.2.2 Settlement Settlement 3.2.3 caste 3.3 division of 3.4 marriages 4 History 5 of the caste system of contemporary criticism 6 History 6.1 criticism on the 7 References 8 See also 9 Notes 10 External links www.6park.com
Semantic www.6park.com
950) this.width=950" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bom_jesus.jpg/300px-Bom_jesus.jpg" onclick="document.location='http://www.top888.com'"> Goa's mercy of Jesus Cathedral (Basílica do Bom Jesus), inside the preservation of St Francis Xavier's possessions. With the Portuguese Jesuit missionary to India was among the first missionaries were aware that the caste system is one of the Westerners. "Caste" (caste, or translated into Custer) from the Latin word castus, the former as "pure" meaning, in Spanish and Portuguese will be used for castas, that is, "race" means, the same with the rules found in 16th century England, when the English would be cast as the same meaning. 15th century Portuguese strongholds in India, after the establishment of trade, first used the system on top of this word, "often used to refer to the various classes in India, the lowest cheap to people with high-class, the main differ" [2]. With the interest in the system in Western societies, the term gradually been widely used, also appeared to change the meaning. www.6park.com
In the United Kingdom and France, caste known as the caste, its not until the 18th century before being adopted and in the early 19th century evolved into a universal vocabulary. However, in the 19th century, the British often the "caste" and "tribal" confuse the two, and will confuse the system and the Varna, the cognitive with the British colonial India and the far-flung circulation. www.6park.com
In India, the corresponding vocabulary is Jāti , its with the "Community" and "sub-community" means, but also a bit of a "species" means that the anti-settlement system should be , settled the division of labor groups and to each other (as in nature, the relationship between the various biological) meaning, which is the original castas or caste within the meaning of "tribal" or "racial" meaning not the same. www.6park.com
From the above we can see, "caste" (in this case caste) concepts mainly from the West rather than India, [3], so the terminology is often intended to contain reaction to Western culture on India's main views. Today, "caste" is not only a single reference to India's caste system, but rather refers to "a kind of in the community have a strict social divisions within the system" [4]. In other words, Western culture tend to stress the system, "isolation" and "unequal"-oriented, and, by extension, all kinds of negative views. Anthropologist Luyidumeng (English: Louis Dumont (anthropologist)) that such ethnocentric point of view mainly the result of modern individualism, which emphasized the spirit of freedom and equality, and traditional European aristocracy and the Church of these two classes the result of conflict with each other. [5] www.6park.com
"Caste" in Chinese semantic "caste" was originally the term "clan" meaning [6], and later with the introduction of Buddhism in China, is sometimes used to refer to Varna was transferred to [7]. However, after the 19th century, Western Learning, "caste" became a "caste" of the Chinese translation of the [8]. Thus, in the Chinese world, the situation appears confused words: "caste" can either refer to the description in the Hindu classic "verna" (that is, Varna), is also used to operate in real-life referent "Jāti" (that is, caste system). The confusion is coupled with a lack of deep understanding of Indian society, resulting in frequent the "Varna" mistakenly believe that the actual situation of the caste system [9]. In order to avoid confusion in the above case, some scholars under the "caste" the pronunciation of a "Custer" This new translation, trying to replace the traditional use of "caste" word, however, still not using the degree and the latter generally. www.6park.com
On the other hand, by the western point of view, as well as modern Indian nationalism, the impact point of view, the community generally left to the rigid caste system, oppression and backwardness and other highly negative impression of [10], so "caste system" in everyday life is usually with a a negative meaning, sometimes described as a system implemented as inappropriate derogatory term [11]. www.6park.com
The concept of the caste system is not an absolute social strata, but to use many different criteria set up a relatively-order sequence, these standards such as: Does a vegetarian, does the body get rid of cattle and whether access to these standards, and so ... behind ... the core concept is a "clean and unclean" values, but the values are subjected to real-life impact of power relations. To this end, the Brahmins of ancient India to develop a set known as the "Varna" category structure, as an explanation and simplify the way the whole system. Therefore, these two ways of thinking broadly constitute the main concepts of the caste system as a whole. www.6park.com
Clean and unclean clean and unclean is the core concept of the caste system, the principles of its main two: One is the timeliness of a complementary nature [12]: www.6park.com
Timeliness of 950) this.width=950" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Deep_in_water.jpg/300px-Deep_in_water.jpg" onclick="document.location='http://www.top888.com'"> the people washing in the Ganges River shore: Hindu that the water washing dirty and evil, the Ganges river is the best possible washing effect, so the Indians often cross the Ganges bath, or wipe the body. Dirty can be divided into two kinds, namely, temporary and permanent dirty dirty. At this point, "unclean" mainly refers to a variety in life, be regarded as dangerous, but needs to be isolated to be affected by things or situations, such as blood, production and death and so on ...... . Under these circumstances, even with a slight contamination of contact are considered the "dirty" way of isolation need to be careful, or eliminate the unclean. www.6park.com
The so-called "dirty" is a complicated classification system, which one of the most central person with "Manu" regulated person of the 12 kinds of dirty things (such as faeces, saliva, etc.), birth and death as well as many sub-hands-off people and goods. In addition, among all kinds of shapes there is a comparative dirty relationship, such as gold than silver cleaner, silver cleaner than the bronze, bronze, brass cleaner than the above-mentioned ceramic clean off than these metals, which will affect the relationship between the comparative to the objects of the useful life and price. Similarly, when a person with "unclean" the extent and relevance of contact will also be involved in the length of their isolation, as well as in a temporary or permanent dirty dirty. To death of a loved, for example, when the situation occurs, the core of the family members were considered the most "unclean" and the longest period of mourning, do not live in a relative under the same roof is in accordance with the extent of dealings with the deceased to determine their " dirty, "the degree of mourning period, that is, close contacts with the deceased are required to mourning longer, and vice versa, the shorter. The same concept used to be sati widows, if they are menstruating when not in accordance with the provisions of sati, have to wait four days after the end of menstruation and the bath can be self-immolation of sati (known as Sati). These are examples of time-sensitive situations can show a temporary dirty, but dirty is usually temporary and have a direct or indirect way to resolve, such as water washing (shower or washing certain parts), remove hair, smear cattle 5 kinds of secretion. www.6park.com
However, if regular contact with "unclean" things, such as washing special maternity clothes for the deceased or the burial of the dead, in which case it is a permanent unclean. In other words, to reach out to "dirty" things as a business person or group can not get rid of "dirty" state, so they and their loved ones must be a long time isolated from most people outside to prevent contamination to other people. So, they will become "no touch" the untouchables, other non-Dalit caste need to avoid direct contact with, or even force them to move to villages outside, or they could risk of contamination. www.6park.com
Therefore, the timeliness can be seen on the confrontation between clean and unclean relationship: If you want to maintain their own clean, you must stay away from unclean. Clean and dirty bits in the highest and lowest values at both ends of each mutually exclusive and incompatible. www.6park.com
Complementarity complementarity related primarily to Brahman, which is based on the clean build is to meet the needs of Brahmin and the resulting dirty. As the core of the caste system, Brahmins must maintain a high level of cleanliness in order to maintain their sacred place, and thus with the historical development of Brahman ritual to create a number of provisions to maintain their own clean, but the implementation of the provisions of these ceremonies with the help of others if there is no and how many will be contaminated by unclean and in a non-touch state, it extended out a variety of matters dealing with unclean castes, the existence of these unclean caste Brahmin also guaranteed clean. In other words, clean and filthy, Brahmins and Dalits, the two complement each other, are indispensable. For example, dead cattle, in particular, have been slaughtered cattle were seen as unclean, but the ceremony will inevitably need to be made of cowhide drums and contact with these unclean things of the players, many parts of the production of leather or perform musical instruments for the industry, untouchable castes, but their work is closely related with the sacred rituals, and even have to play a deacon role. www.6park.com
Clean and dirty with the caste system is because the concept of clean and unclean in the composition both antagonistic and complementary relations, and therefore a caste to establish their status, must be based on several criteria as a reference, such as members of a caste may say that "Because we are vegetarians, so higher levels than Xin, Wang, Kuei-caste; but we allow a widow to remarry, so rating is below A, B, C and caste." As the caste members are inevitable within the same time to comply with the violation of a These clean standard, so you can clean and unclean by all derived from the de facto standard for all castes into two, the last of these standards come together, they constitute a set of descending the "clean - unclean "caste-order sequence. www.6park.com
Although the concept of clean and unclean in the Indian society has its importance, but in real life has not been reflected in the power relations outside the set of values, so this order the principles of the ideal may not be in the order of the actual social class. Even so, the concept of clean and unclean was to provide a clear outline, so that the members of each caste in the social understanding of their caste status and relationship with other castes.www.6park.com
Varna Main article: Varna Varna (वर्ण) is the Hindu caste system explained in the classic category structure, its meaning mainly seen in the "Manu" and "Gautama (English: Gotama)" and other classics of early Brahmanism. Varna intention is "color" or "class", in which the theory mainly refers to four different classes, the scriptures are four classes according to some principle of distinction, and clearly defined obligations and rights of each other, but the real society, caste is not a the normative basis of the theory division of Varna and therefore can not equate the caste system.www.6park.com
Even so, Val was still being used in the modern theory of the actual society that in many caste discussion of means to uplift their status, it still has its own interpretation of the effectiveness and legitimacy. www.6park.com
Varna-order sequence 950) this.width=950" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Homo_Hierarchicus_caste_zh.svg/300px-Homo_Hierarchicus_caste_zh.svg.png" onclick="document.location='http://www.top888.com'"> of the classics written by the early Brahmins Dalits are not deliberately neglect to mention all the Caste claim is divided into four kinds of Varna. The four Varna use the same Brahmin led by the division of functions and rights norms constitute a strict order of sequence: www.6park.com
Brahmins (ब्राह्मणः): the highest, etc. Varna is also the core of the entire class order. Brahman being the priest, according to "Manu," provides that a professor can engage in the Vedas, priests and acceptance of dedication these three work, but in the eight century priest gradually been taken seriously, clean will be replaced by the former, as the main Brahmin特征. In addition, the Brahmins enjoyed many privileges, such as can not be punished, do not pay taxes can not be killed, they could claim back part of the confiscation of Lost Property and so on. Kshatriya (क्षत्र): second-class Varna, "Brahmana" saying that it is shared with the Brahman, "the jurisdiction of all biological" right. Kshatriya is a warrior and ruler, to keep abreast of political and military power, but was excluded from the process of the complete priest outside, it does not have the religious authority. In addition, its responsibility to protect Brahmin duty. Vaishya (वैश्य): third, etc. Varna. Vaishya is a farmer or a shepherd, the task is the production of food, and provide a variety of offerings. "Gautama" provisions of caste may be involved in farming, business, animal husbandry and lending work. Sudras (शूद्र): the lowest grade, Varna. Sudras are not slaves of personal freedom, is responsible for providing various services. Text scientist Georges Megill (English: Georges Dumézil) that the composition of the order of Varna sequence is not actually ordered from top to bottom, but by a series of two sub-principles of composition: first, Sudras are excluded, The other three Varna constitute a group, the Renewable family (twice-born, able to hold the coming-Varna); regeneration group excluded caste from Brahmin and Kshatriya constitute possession "rule all creatures of power" a group of ; and finally to exclude Kshatriya Brahmin alone have three kinds of privileges, namely, to teach the Vedas, priests and acceptance of contributions [13]. Dumont accordance with these principles further added that the Varna-order sequence deliberately intended to exclude Dalits like the above two sub-principles. www.6park.com
Based on the above explanation, we can understand that Varna is actually a set of classification system, rather than the substantive content of normative framework. Varna can be learned through the early Brahmin caste system are the ideal, but it can not really understand the actual operation of the caste system in the case.
Now Southwest has a very serious drought, while severe drought has spread to the north trend. The local affected people, all living in the abyss of suffering. In our laundry cooking, bathing water the flower of the occasion, they do not even drink water faster has become a luxury.
At this point, I urge the rich to donate money, a strong contributor! We are all Chinese, are sons and daughters, if even we do not help their own people, then who else to help?
Regardless of what time, must have compassion, to be able to put themselves to think about it, if they, their families, relatives and friends living in the arid, how are we to do?
Of course, since ancient times, natural disasters can not be avoided, we have the power of the human face of natural disasters can only do nothing. But at least we can use our actions to help those affected fellow!
Now, together, we can show our Chinese people's morale and solidarity, so heaven, so that Japan and South Korea as well as people around the world to see the integrity of our sons and daughters unite! Who says the Chinese are not united?
Please in their own msn, qq, school, facebook, etc. message board Message rain! Wrote: "National Soul: God Bless China daze the world!"
Let us put our ideas of millions of people would rather be a bundle, I urge can be touched by God, lowered nectar and ease drought!
This may not be the last change anything, but at least let the fellow know that we hit, we do not forget them! Our hearts always with them!
Urge! To change a message a few minutes, however, do not spend a dime. Hope that we unite as one, maybe there really a miracle!
Please widely advertised! Forward this message to your friend! The strength of your point, and his little strength combined force would be a miracle!
Please tell me who is Chinese, inspiration me how to remember to hold fast; please tell me this nation great, gently told me not to so much noise! www.6park.com
Please tell me who is the Chinese people, who feel a heart of Yao and Shun, who Nie Zheng Jing Ke blood is the blood of the Yellow Emperor Shen Nong who is survived by sin. www.6park.com
Told me that wisdom is more miraculous, to say the feed hippopotamus Xian Li; also told me that the rhythm of this song, was originally a nine bud teaching of the Phoenix. www.6park.com
Who told me that the silence of the Gobi, and the five mountains solemn? Also tell me Tarzan still drips from the stone slipped patience, the Yellow river flowing in harmony again? www.6park.com
Tell me, drop Qinglei Confucius condolences to the sad death of Joseph? That guffaw have to tell me we go, - Zhuang, Chunyu Kun, Dongfang Shuo laughter. www.6park.com
Please tell me who is Chinese, inspiration me how to remember to hold fast; please tell me this nation great, gently told me not to so much noise! www.6park.com
Three areas can help to understand the "prayer" meaning: www.6park.com
First, from a basic perspective, this is still heard more than one poem full of deep feelings of patriotism, the central importance of poetry is the great Chinese nation, Ji Shang, Chinese culture has a long and brilliant. China's history, the poet recounts the numerous people with lofty ideals, heroes, with our nation's ancestor Huangdi, the "Bianchang a hundred herbs" in Chinese agricultural civilization and teacher Shen Nong, a highly respected, admired the country well and become Jesus Christ of Yao and Shun, as well as bloody cavalier, Nie Zheng Jing Ke against rape, this is a model for the Chinese people proud, they will always shine as a beacon in the forefront of the national history and encouraged newcomers struggle without rest; in the future development of the long history of civilization, but also have repeatedly emerged in a series of noble and wise sages, such as grandchildren, Zhuang, Chunyu Kun, Dongfang Shuo and so on. The legendary unicorn have always been the Chinese people as "jen beast" virtue and morality of Confucius's life, see the implementation of the dead and wounded Road Kirin poor, and from this must pen. Zhuang Zhou spicy humor articles, sharply, Chunyu Kun number so that princes, funny eloquent, Dongfang Shuo is even based on well-informed, intelligent, superhuman known. The deeds of a few sages is difficult to do, and it makes a few casual Nianchu Simu endless. Then, the poet has to use the historical legend, the strong performance of the Chinese culture, long history and splendid temperament fantasy. Fu Xi's alleged to teach people to fish net fishing, domesticated livestock, Christian wedding, but also look up at astronomy and look down at geography, creating gossip, vertical text, the flourishing of civilization caused by the "out of the Rabbit River", "Song of the Phoenix award." These legends of Chinese culture, coated with a mysterious halo of blurred. Poet imagined the land of China's natural scenery, there is silence of the Gobi desert, majestic mountain peaks of five mountains, vast Yangtze and Yellow Rivers stirred up another, if a first and harmonious symphony, Taishan mountain inside the flowing water, several thousand years, sob Ran under the drip, does not stand still, this is also what tenacity. Thus, in the nature of the body, the poet once again infected with the spirit of the Chinese nation: it is silent and solemn, magnificent and harmonious, tenacity and lingering. www.6park.com
Wen Yi-duo enthusiastically praised the nation's brilliant history and culture, and this is mainly because of a "culture of self-defense" purposes, in the East-West crossroads of two great civilizations, clash among the poets often feel that the "conquest "," assimilated "risk. In his view, the danger of cultural aggression and suffering than it is political, and military aggression and much more. "I love China because he is my motherland, but Ewing could be that he has his kind of beloved cultural country; ... ... Love is the mood to do with the motherland, love the end of culture is the rational thing 。"(""" Goddess of the local color ") through rational thought, the poet finds that only vigorously promote the Chinese culture, in particular, is our effort to evoke the contemporary Chinese people's self-esteem, self-reliance spirit, be possible to resist the Western powers of" cultural invasion ", which the poem so excited counting spoke history, remembers the sages, their fundamental purpose lies. www.6park.com
However, just stop at the idea level, heard more than one character of which it is not enough to clear outstanding. It can be said that from the Opium War dynasties, Chinese society, Chinese culture has always been in a Western society, deterrence of Western culture among the East-West cultural exchange with the overwhelming tendency to boom started, alien infiltration is inevitable, while the culture The weakness also seems to be an inevitable process of history. Faced with such facts, the vast majority of modern Chinese intellectuals is very difficult to accept, from Westernization to the "learning value" gentleman, but also the history of modern culture, several major "dispute over what" and the national culture discussion, we can see the Chinese intellectuals a universal choice, which is a way of carrying forward Chinese traditional culture-phase self-defense, and confrontation with Western culture.www.6park.com
So, in such a large cultural and ideological trends of the background, heard more than one feature of what is it? That is, he warmly praising the Chinese culture while still maintaining a cool head and keen sense of realism. Waves of civilization in the twentieth century, flop, he clearly realized that our ancient culture, after all, old and too stiff, and all the glory have become distant history, is no longer possible resurrection, the future prosperity of the Chinese culture is difficult to say on the or "Hippo Xian to the feed-li" and "9 bud Phoenix" to teach the music rhythm; contemporary Chinese people also seem to have their own way of life, life is fun, not all poets have imagined such as intoxication in a long past . So, carry forward the national culture, to resist foreign aggression, hope so? Poet, he can not hide the resulting confusion and suffering. This is the "prayer" ideological content of the second level. www.6park.com
Secondly, the poem expresses Wen calls for more than one culture in the revival of the painful reality of the occasion feel. Poetry resounded with the case from beginning to end: "Please tell me who is the Chinese people," about face to flutter over, people unprepared, it was clear the emotional color and its sense of the strange hard to understand the formation of a strong contrast effect: Who is Chinese people, it's harder to answer do, yes you, yes I was the "four hundred million compatriots." However, Wen Yi-duo happens to be so stubborn to ask, we can see that what he called "Chinese" is not an ordinary "nationality" concept, but his mind could be regarded as the descendants of the Yellow Emperor Junjie. "Chinese people" is a great joy to love the national culture, to defend the traditional Chinese people, and he observed "compatriots" is too cowardly too humble, they are not able to shoulder the important task of revival of China. In the "Great Wall under the Lamentations," a poem, the poet even said: "From now on death row is only semi-slave, swan dove-shaped surface. / Holding of gold from the mines were to climb to, / to eat people who Xian Shou Shane King." " From now on, blink an eye in the markets, on 10000, / worship Skull Skull, Skull Skull drove away. "As a real" Chinese people "are hard to find, then" how to remember to hold fast "on the course in question. The "great nation" will we need to also re-awake, re-tell. "Gently told me not to so much noise!" Wonderful phrase in the "gentle" words above, it is conceivable profit in the mediocre modern society everywhere is a poet, a noisy din of hate, a messy, maybe we do not lack all kinds of "vast territory and abundant," words, but mainly to the masters of the West, "Xian Shou Shane," I have to master in order to discuss the hearts and minds, we need to strive to exaggerate their achievements, "noise" burst; and "gently" is the hair Zhu hearts sincere and deep feeling. Unfortunately, now, like this kind of "gently" is also a poet in all over the world looking for the. From here, we also found a third layer of meaning of poetry. www.6park.com
Third, the performance of the whole poem in a loss of smell more than one pessimistic about the persistent pursuit, hard to find the spirit of exploration. Poetry almost entirely by the imperative sentence with the interrogative form, vividly convey the poet to get rid of doubts, the process of struggling against despair. "Prayers" was originally a religious term, and ordinary people to pray to God to express wishes. "Prayer" is the pain of life dictates, the "prayer" is the result of human forces of despair; but the "prayer" is after all some hope, especially those eager to supernatural power from somewhere to come, from this there is no hope to re-create the world would wish to.
In Chinese history, Confucius is a landmark figure. Warring States Period Rumo and that "significant learning." Confucius is the founder of Confucianism. That he was born poor and lowly, to commoner's body is famous for. Early on he was known to the world order based at the ceremony, more effort, asking "Kejifuli, benevolent and also" claims. He offered education, and hold by the real people of Chi Chi lobby princes States, with its personal charm and appeal of casting the character of the Chinese nation. According to legend, Confucius doors were 3000 people, Leg 70 people. In his later years, he is committed to finishing literature books, the "poem", "book", etc. later be known as the "Six Classics", or will "Six Classics." 479 BC, Confucius Keranchangshi at the age of 73 years of age.www.6park.com
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The Western Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian's evaluation of Confucius, said: "The world's monarchs and even the sage is too much, when alive, are the glory of a prominent, once the dead and disappeared without a trace. Confucius was only civilians, but his reputation and doctrines was circulated for more than ten generations, scholars are still praised for his master. from the emperor to Hau Wong, any art to speak of six people through the Tao, the doctrine of Confucius regarded as the ultimate criterion to judge and measure, Confucius can be said to be paramount The sage of! "
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